Russia Eyes Africa’s Railways in Strategic Trade Expansion

As geopolitical alliances shift, Russia is intensifying efforts to strengthen its economic and strategic footprint across Africa. At the heart of this pivot is railway infrastructure—a high-stakes arena for long-term influence and regional integration.

Russian Railways (RZD) has identified Burkina Faso, Ghana, South Africa, and Libya as key partners in its expansion drive. These countries sit on or near important trade corridors that Russia is looking to modernize or help construct, aiming to ease the movement of goods, connect regions, and tap into Africa’s mineral wealth.

A core component of Russia’s approach involves extending the International North–South Transport Corridor (INSTC)—originally designed to connect Russia to India via Iran—into the African continent. Russian officials say this would open up new trade gateways between Africa, Eurasia, and Asia.

Sergei Pavlov, RZD’s First Deputy CEO, confirmed Moscow’s intent to involve Russian logistics operators and integrate with African port and dry port networks, especially along the Persian Gulf.

Infrastructure for Influence

Russia’s pitch is as much about development as diplomacy. Many African cities still suffer from limited rail infrastructure, which curtails the efficient movement of natural resources like oil, gas, and minerals. Russian firms like Transmashholding see this as a gap they can help fill—both with engineering solutions and investment.

What Russia Wants, What Africa Needs

Africa remains a key importer of Russian products such as fertilizers, timber, and metal goods. Conversely, Russia imports natural resources from the continent. Modern rail networks could help deepen this two-way trade.

But this isn’t just economics—it’s about geopolitical leverage. With growing friction between Russia and Western powers, Africa’s infrastructure boom is becoming a strategic battleground. As China, the U.S., and the EU vie for influence, Russia’s bet on railroads could become one of its most durable moves on the continent.